Studies on semiochemicals affecting its host-seeking behaviour have intensified since the late 1980s, with the main aim to replace the Human Biting Catch (HBC). is a highly anthropophilic mosquito, with a tendency to blood feed and rest inside houses. A fourth set of essentials follows, namely the cost, applicability and acceptance of such devices by end-users in anticipated market sectors.Īnopheles gambiae s.s. There are three important components of trap development, namely the 'attractant', the physical trap design, and trapping mechanism used. Such traps may find application in mosquito surveillance, risk assessment and forecasting, and/or be used en masse for population suppression and disease transmission reduction similar to trap-bait systems developed for tsetse flies. Semi-field systems offer the prospect of high-throughput screening of candidate kairomones, which may expedite the development of efficient trap-bait systems for this and other African mosquito species.ĭevelopment of odour-baited trapping devices for biting insects remains a challenge for many important species, including African malaria vectors. These results are the first to report behavioural responses of an African malaria vector to human foot odour outside the laboratory, and further investigation of fractions and/or individual chemical components of this odour complex are called for. A synergistic response (P < 0.001) was observed towards the combination of foot odour and CO 2, which increased catches of these odours alone by 3.8 and 2.7 times, respectively. Foot odour remained behaviourally active for at least 8 days after collection on nylon or cotton sock fabric. ResultsĪpart from 1-octen-3-ol, all odour baits caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in trap catches over non-baited traps. Trap catches were log (x+1) transformed and subjected to Latin square analysis of variance procedures. Traps were baited with human foot odour (collected on socks), carbon dioxide (CO 2, 500 ml min -1), ammonia (NH 3), 1-octen-3-ol, or various combinations thereof. gambiae towards odour-baited counterflow geometry traps (MM-X model American Biophysics Corp., RI) was studied in semi-field (screen house) conditions in western Kenya. A contained system, intermediate between the laboratory and open field, is presented and previous reports that human foot odour induces behavioural responses of Anopheles gambiae confirmed. A large variety of 'attractants' has been identified in laboratory investigations, yet few of these increase trap catches in the field. The Silphidae and Histeridae were more abundant in the maple forest, whereas the Hydrophilidae and Ptilidae were more abundant in the fir forest.The successful development of odour-baited trapping systems for mosquitoes depends on the identification of behaviourally active semiochemicals, besides the design and operating principles of such devices. Strong differences in species assemblages were also observed between the southern maple and fir forest sites. For the beetles caught in the meat-baited traps (majority of captures), decreases in abundance and species richness were observed from south to north along the fir forest transect, with evidence of decreasing specific diversity as measured by the Shannon index of diversity. All Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, and Silphidae were identified to species to examine specific diversity variation among sites. Meat-baited pitfall traps caught nearly 15 times as many beetles as dung-baited traps. A total of 8,511 beetles were caught and identified to family level, 95.7% of which belonged to families with known coprophilous or necrophagous behavior. Beetle abundance was estimated using a sampling design comprising replicated pitfall traps baited with red deer meat or dung in each site. We studied selected assemblages of coprophilous and necrophagous beetles in Quebec along a 115-km north-south transect in three balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Miller) forest sites and in a fourth forest site dominated by sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marshall), close to the southern fir site. The presence and abundance of beetles exploiting such resources are influenced by various ecological factors including climate and forest cover vegetation. ![]() Vertebrate dung and carrion are rich and strongly attractive resources for numerous beetles that are often closely linked to them. Selected beetle assemblages captured in pitfall traps baited with deer dung or meat in balsam fir and sugar maple forests of Central Quebec.
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